五大句型
|
動詞種類 |
句型 |
例句 |
|
完全不及物 |
S + V |
Birds sing. |
|
不完全不及物 |
S + V + SC |
The student is a geek. |
|
完全及物 |
S + V + O |
The hot girl gives me a hand. |
|
不完全及物 |
S + V + O + OC |
She named her cat kitty. |
|
授與動詞 |
S + V + IO + DO |
I gave him some advice. |
【句型一】：S + Vi (主詞 + 動詞)
說明：動詞本身就可表達完整意念，所以不需要受詞及補語。
Ex: Money talks. (有錢能使鬼推磨)
Ex: Time flies. (時光飛逝)
衍生句型：
(1) S + Vi + adv
Ex:教室裡的每位學生都很用功地在念書。
è Every student studies arduously in the classroom.
(2) There + Vi (be) + S + (Prep + O)
Ex:有一位阿宅拿著一本漫畫坐在我前面那桌。
è There is a nerd with a comic book in front of my table.
(3) S + Vi + Prep + O
Ex:那位型男對我拋媚眼。
è The metrosexual makes eyes at me.
(4) S + Vi + to VR
Ex: They cannot afford to buy a Mercedes-Benz.
【句型二】： S + Vi + SC （主詞 + 不完全不及物動詞 + 主詞補語）
說明：動詞本身不能表達完整意念，需有主詞補語來補充說明主詞使其意
義完整。
主詞補語 (SC)：用來補充說明主詞。
Ex: Patrick is an English teacher.
S V SC
衍生句型：
(1) S + Vi (連綴動詞) + SC，此時的SC有下列的情況。
|
補語種類 |
例句 |
|
名詞 |
He is a doctor. |
|
代名詞 |
This dictionary is yours. |
|
名詞片語 |
The crux is how to solve the problem. |
|
名詞子句 |
This is what I think. |
|
動名詞 |
Her bad habit is eating. |
|
不定詞 |
He seems (to be) very happy today. To see is to believe. |
|
形容詞 |
He looks pale. He is healthy / in good health. |
|
現在分詞 |
They stood watching the boys play ball. |
|
過去分詞 |
He stood astonished at the sight. |
|
副詞 |
The post office is on the corner. |
|
介副詞 |
The light was out. The party is over. |
- Ø 如果SC是形容詞的時候(「動詞 + 形容詞」)，通常可當片語來記憶，前面多加主詞即可形成句子。
|
come true 實現 |
go mad發瘋 |
run short 短缺 |
|
go bad 壞掉 |
run wild到處蔓延 |
feel sleepy 想睡 |
|
hold good生效 |
fall sick生病 |
fall asleep 睡著 |
|
get angry生氣 |
feel blue感到憂鬱 |
wear thin磨薄 |
|
stay healthy保持健康 |
stay beautiful保持美麗 |
sit heavy重壓 |
|
feel conceited感到自負 |
lie still 躺著不動 |
keep silent保持沉默 |
|
stand still站著不動 |
get better病情好轉 |
run dry乾涸 |
(2) It + be (seem) + SC + to VR
Ex:在總統府工作看起來很酷。
è It is / seems cool to work in the Office of the President.
(3) It + be(seem) + SC + that-Clause (強調句)
Ex:他是昨天去日本的。
è It is yesterday that he went to Japan.
【句型三】： S + Vt + O (主詞 + 完全及物動詞 + 受詞)
說明：動詞其後需以名詞為受詞。
|
受詞 |
例 句 |
|
名詞 |
She speaks English. (她說英語) |
|
代名詞 |
He is always exaggerating himself. (他總是自誇) |
|
動名詞 |
I must avoid making mistakes again. (我必須避免再犯錯) |
|
不定詞 |
He likes to swim. / He likes swimming. (他喜歡游泳) |
|
名詞片語 |
I don’t know what to do. (我不知道該怎麼辦) |
|
名詞子句 |
I know where the beautiful girl lives. (我知道那個漂亮的女孩住在哪裡) We insisted that the murderer (should) be punished severely. (我堅持那個兇手應該受到嚴厲的懲法) |
|
the + adj |
We honor the brave. (我們尊敬勇者) |
² 常見以「動名詞」為受詞的動詞
|
acknowledge 承認 |
admit 承認 |
appreciate 感激 |
avoid 避免 |
|
cancel 取消 |
can’t help 不得不 |
consider 考慮 |
complete 完成 |
|
contemplate 考慮 |
defer 延期 |
delay 延遲 |
deny 否認 |
|
enjoy 喜歡 |
escape 逃避 |
evade 逃避 |
fancy 想像 |
|
finish 完成 |
forgive 原諒 |
imagine 想像 |
mind 介意 |
|
miss 錯過 |
postpone 延遲 |
practice 練習 |
quit 戒除 |
|
recommend 推薦 |
resist 抵抗 |
resent 怨恨 |
risk 冒險 |
|
suggest 建議 |
|
|
|
衍生句型：
(1) S + Vt + 人 + 介系詞 + 身體部位
Ex: He kissed his girlfriend on the cheek to show his love.
(他親吻他女朋友的臉頰已表示對她的愛)
Ex: He tapped me on the shoulder to show his friendly.
(他拍我的肩膀以示友善)
(2) S + Vi + 介詞 + O
不及物動詞 + 介系詞 = 及物動詞
Ex: He laughed ________ me. (他嘲笑我)
Ex: She stared ________ her computer. (她一直盯著她的電腦)
- Ø 此類「不及物動詞 + 介詞 = 及物動詞」有：
|
account for = explain 解釋 |
add to = increase 增加 |
apologize for + 事為某事道歉 |
|
arise from 起因於 |
ask for = request 請求 |
bring back = recall 使回憶 |
|
bring out = reveal 顯示 |
call down = scold 斥責 |
call for = require 需要 |
|
call on = visit 訪問 |
call off = cancel 取消 |
call up = telephone 打電話 |
|
compensate for 賠償 |
contribute to 促成 |
deal with = tackle 處理 |
|
depend on = rely on 依賴 |
get on = enter 搭乘 |
get over 恢復 |
|
get through = finish 完成 |
get through = undergo 經歷 |
go with = match 與…相配 |
|
insist on 堅持 |
keep on = continue 繼續 |
laugh at = tease 譏笑 |
|
lead to = reach 通往 |
listen to 傾聽 |
look after = attend 照顧 |
|
look at = watch 注視 |
look into = investigate 調查 |
look for = seek 尋找 |
|
look over = examine 校對 |
look up 查詢 |
occur to 想到 |
|
pick out 選擇 |
pick up = learn by 偶然學得 |
put off = postpone 延遲 |
|
put out = extinguish 熄滅 |
show off 炫燿 |
speak of = mention 提及 |
|
stand for = represent 代表 |
result from 起因於 |
result in 導致 |
|
suffer from = undergo 遭受 |
take after = resemble 長得像 |
take off = remove 脫掉 |
|
take up 對 … 感興趣 |
throw away = discard 放棄 |
try out = test 試驗 |
|
turn down = reject 拒絕 |
turn off = shut off 關閉 |
turn on = put on 打開 |
|
turn out = extinguish 關閉 |
wait for = await 等候 |
worry about 擔心 |
(3) S + V + 介副詞 + O (名詞)
動詞 + 介副詞 = 片語動詞／雙字動詞
Ex: He returned home and put his coat on.
è He returned home and put on his coat.
(他回家並穿上外套)
- Ø 此類片語動詞有
|
ask out = invite 邀請 |
back up = support 支持 |
bread off = terminate 中斷 |
|
bring back = return 歸還 |
bring out = produce 生產 |
bring to = revive 使……歸還 |
|
bring up = rear 養育 |
build up = increase 增加 |
call down = reprimand 責備給 |
|
call off = cancel 取消 |
call up = telephone 打電話給 |
carry out = accomplish 實現 |
|
check up = examine 詳查 |
cheer up = inspire 鼓舞 |
clear up = clarify 澄清 |
|
do over = repeat 重作 |
drop off = leave 離開 |
figure out = calculate 算出 |
|
find out = discover 發現 |
give off = release 放出 |
give out = distribute 分配 |
|
give up = abandon 放棄 |
hand in = submit 交出 |
hold off = delay 延遲 |
|
keep up = maintain 維持 |
leave out = omit 省略 |
look over = examine 檢查 |
|
make out = understand 了解 |
look up = consult 查閱 |
make up = invent 杜撰 |
|
mix up = confuse 使…..混亂 |
pick out = select 選擇 |
point out = indicate 指出 |
|
put away = store 貯存 |
put down = suppress 鎮壓 |
put off = postpone 延期 |
|
put on = clothe 穿…. |
put out = extinguish 撲滅 |
put together = assemble 組合 |
|
put up = construct 興建 |
sell out = liquidate 清算 |
pick up = collect 拾起 |
|
set forth = display 展示 |
set off = launch 發射 |
stir up = incite 煽動 |
|
take off = undress 脫掉 |
take on = employ 雇用 |
take out = extract 拔掉 |
|
take up = discuss 研討 |
talk over = discuss 討論 |
tear down = demolish 拆除 |
|
think up = invent 想出 |
throw away = discard 丟棄 |
throw up = vomit 吐出 |
|
try out = test 試用 |
turn down = refuse 拒絕 |
turn in = submit 交出 |
|
turn off = terminate 關掉 |
turn on = switch on 開啟 |
turn over = transfer 移交 |
|
wake up = awaken 喚醒 |
|
|
※ 注意片語動詞與介詞片語的差異
Ex: He waited for a bus.
è他在等公車。
Ex: He waited for an hour.
è他等了一個小時。
Ex: We called on Wendy.
è我們去拜訪溫蒂。
Ex: He called on Wednesday.
è他星期三的時候有打電話來。
(4) S + V + 介副詞 + 介系詞 + O (名詞／代名詞／動名詞)
Ex. I am looking forward to your coming. (我正期待你的來臨)
說明：動名詞"受詞
- Ø 此類三字動詞有
|
be in for 一定會受到 |
brush up on 溫習 |
come down with 因…病倒 |
|
come up to 到達 |
check up on 調查 |
catch up with 追上 |
|
do away with 廢除 |
drop in on 順道拜訪 |
fall back on 求助於 |
|
fit in with 和…一致 |
get away with 拿走 |
get along with 和…相處 |
|
go back on 違背 |
live up to 按….行動 |
look down on 瞧不起 |
|
look up to 尊敬 |
put up with 忍受 |
run away with 和….私奔 |
|
keep abreast up / with 和…..並駕齊驅 |
||
【句型四】：S + Vt + O + OC
說明：受詞之後需接受詞補語來補充說明受詞，使其意義完整。
受詞補語 (OC)：用來補充說明受詞。
Ex: We consider Mr. Lee a good teacher.
S V O OC
衍生句型：
(1) S + Vt + O + + (to be) + OC (N)
Ex:我們選他為班長。
è We elected him leader of our class.
(2) S + Vt + O + OC (to-Vr)
Ex:有些公司會要求你簽約。
è Some companies require you to sign a contract.
(3) 使役動詞：
S + make / have + O + adj，表示「受詞主動」。
S + make / have + O + pp，表示「受詞被動」。
Ex:安迪黃色笑話讓我們狂笑。
è Andy’s blue jokes make us laugh wildly.
Ex:你在哪裡剪的頭髮？真糟糕！
è Where did you have your hair cut? It looks awful!
(4) 感官動詞：see, hear, smell, feel, perceive, witness
VR，表示「事實」
S + 感官動詞 + O + V-ing，表示「進行」
PP，表示「被動」
Ex: I saw Jack bully a little boy.
Ex: I saw Jack bullying a little boy.
Ex: I saw Jack bullied by a group of gangsters.
【句型五】S + Vt + O1 + O2 (主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞1 + 受詞2)
常見的授與動詞有：give, bring, send, show, lend, write, hand, pass, deliver,
teach, tell, sell, pay, owe, promise, offer, buy, get, leave,
衍生句型：
(1) S + Vt + DO + 介 + IO
此句型介詞用to的動詞有：do, give, bring, send, show, lend, teach, write, sell,
offer, tell, hand, promise, pass, take…
此句型介詞用for的動詞有：make, buy, get, leave, choose, order, sing…
此句型介詞用of的動詞有：ask (a favor of sb)
此句型介詞用on的動詞有：play (a trick on sb)
此句型介詞用at的動詞有：throw (sth at sb)
此句型介詞用against的動詞有：bear (a grudge against sb)
(2) S + Vt + IO + of + DO
此句型的動詞有：
|
accuse 控告 |
deprive 剝奪 |
warn 警告 |
acquit 宣告無罪 |
|
inform 通知 |
cheat 欺騙 |
notify 通知 |
remind 提醒 |
|
convict 定罪 |
suspect 懷疑 |
relieve 解除 |
cure 治癒 |
|
persuade 說服 |
relieve 解除 |
ease 減輕 |
convince 使信服 |
|
strip 剝奪 |
rid 解除 |
|
|
(3) S + Vt + IO + for + DO
此句型的動詞有：
|
ask 要求 |
forgive 原諒 |
punish 逞罰 |
blame 責罵 |
|
reward 報答 |
praise 稱讚 |
excuse 原諒 |
search 搜查 |
|
scold 責備 |
thank 感謝 |
thank 感謝 |
mistake 誤解 |
|
remember 記得 |
|
|
|
(4) S + Vt + IO + from + DO
此句型的動詞有：
|
prevent 阻止 |
discourage 勸阻 |
save 拯救 |
prohibit 禁止 |
|
dissuade 勸阻 |
rescue 營救 |
deter 阻礙 |
hinder 阻礙 |
|
deliver 拯救 |
restrain 阻止 |
keep 保持 |
protect 保護 |
|
stop 阻止 |
free 免於 |
distract 使分心 |
preserve 保護 |
(5) S + Vt + IO + with + DO
此句型的動詞有：
|
acquaint 熟悉 |
arm 武裝 |
bother 打擾 |
credit 記在帳上 |
|
charge 控告 |
entrust 委託 |
favor 幫助 |
furnish 配置 |
|
help 幫助 |
load 裝載 |
oblige 借錢給 |
present 贈送 |
|
provide 供給 |
serve 供給 |
supply 供給 |
trouble 打擾 |
|
trust 委託 |
|
|
|
(6) S + Vt + IO + into + DO
此句型的動詞有：
|
argue 說服 |
bribe 賄賂 |
frighten 恐嚇 |
persuade 說服 |
|
reason 說服 |
talk 說服 |
|
|
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